Soaraja
Saoraja Pattojo, located in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi, is one of the historical buildings built during the colonial period around 1905. This building reflects a blend of colonial architecture with local Bugis touches, creating a unique character that is different from other traditional Saoraja. As the residence of the nobility, or Arung Pattojo, this house became the center of local power as well as a place for various traditional activities. The house was built by Datu Panangngareng, who was the second to last Datu Pattojo.
Before becoming queen or Datu Pattojo, the throne of Datu-an was in the hands of Datu Panangngareng’s brother, namely Datu Mappanganro. After marrying a princess from another kingdom who was also the heir to the throne, Datu Mappanganro handed over the throne of the Pattojo kingdom to his sister Datu Panangngareng.
History of Saoraja Pattojo
Saoraja Pattojo was built during the colonial period as part of the modernization of the Soppeng area. The existence of this building shows the colonial influence in the local social and architectural structure. Although colonial in style, this house still combines the traditional functions of the Bugis house, making it not only a symbol of social status, but also a cultural and government space.
Characteristics of Saoraja Pattojo Architecture
1. Colonial Style with Local Adaptation
Unlike traditional Saoraja Bugis which uses timpalaja as a status symbol, Saoraja Pattojo adopts colonial elements such as geometric structures, thick walls, and the use of modern materials such as bricks and cement. This distinguishes it from traditional Bugis traditional houses, which are generally made of wood.
2. Four Space Modules
This building is divided into four main space modules, each of which is equipped with large windows. This division of space reflects the organized function of the house to meet the needs of the nobility and visiting guests.
3. Undercarriage with Arch
One of the unique features of Saoraja Pattojo is its undercarriage, which is equipped with a colonial-style arch. This arch is not only an aesthetic element but also functions as a guide for visitors to the main stairs. This staircase is the entrance to the upper part of the house, where the main room is located.
4. Adaptation for Tropical Climate
Although colonial in style, Saoraja Pattojo still considers the tropical climate by providing natural ventilation through large windows and an open undercarriage area. This ensures good air circulation inside the house.
5. Function of the Undercarriage
The undercarriage area in this house is not only an open space typical of stilt houses, but is also used as an informal reception or storage space.
Function of Saoraja Pattojo in the Present
Currently, Saoraja Pattojo is one of the historical sites that preserves the memory of the glory of the Bugis people’s past under colonial influence. This house attracts the attention of researchers and tourists who want to learn more about the blend of colonial and traditional Bugis architecture.
This building also has great potential to be used as a center for cultural preservation, considering the uniqueness of its design that combines two worlds: colonial and local. However, preservation efforts are challenging, especially in maintaining the authenticity of the architectural structure that is more than a century old.
Conclusion
Saoraja Pattojo is an interesting example of the colonial influence on traditional Bugis architecture. With an arched undercarriage that functions to direct visitors, and the division of space into four modules, this building displays a unique character that is not possessed by other Saoraja. Its existence reflects the journey of history and social change in South Sulawesi, making it one of the cultural heritages that deserves to be preserved.
For anyone interested in Bugis history and architecture, Saoraja Pattojo is a place worth visiting. This building not only tells the story of the past, but also serves as an inspiration for cultural preservation in the future.
1. Abidah Andi, Dwiasta Andi Yusdy, Pengembangan Pariwisata pada Kawasan Saoraja Pattojo, 2022
2. A Abidah – Forum Bangunan Rumah Tradisional Duri Dan Bugis, 2012
the picture after renovation